You make a number of persuasive points here Lawrie and I suspect you’re right on the money with “gamification aspects loses the focus of learning.” But surely this should only be the case and lead to ‘learning light’ if the learning opportunities are so designed and make no provision for deeper learning? If the badge is the goal for the learner then yes, perhaps that learning opportunity might have been better prepared. Which may then of course take us on to your points on hierarchies … 😉