Some problems with VLEs are very basic. For example inserting DOI links for articles in resource references. No two publishers seem to treat DOIs in the same way (Elsevier provide the complete DOI, Emerald call it something completely different, Springer only provide the base DOI). This causes course managers much extra work (there’s more detail I could go into here, believe me). Then there are authentication issues for Distance Learners, who may be logged into the VLE but not loged in to a VPN, and so often get asked for cash when trying to retrieve the full text.